Blue Light Photodynamic Therapy With Curcumin and Riboflavin in the Management of Periodontitis: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Introduction: The aim of this article was to evaluate reports in the scientific literature that used antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) with a blue light source and curcumin and riboflavin as photosensitizers in the management of periodontitis. Methods: The search was conducted in electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, with the keywords "photodynamic therapy", "antimicrobial photodynamic therapy", "laser activated disinfection", "photoactivated disinfection", "light activated disinfection" "LED", "Periodontitis", "Curcumin", "Riboflavin", and "periodontitis" from 2012 to 2020. Results: After evaluating a total of 24 relevant articles, 13 articles were selected, full texts were read, and the data were extracted and placed in a table. Conclusion: Reviewing articles showed that curcumin as a photosensitizer activated by a blue wavelength is effective in the elimination of the various bacterial species involved in periodontal disease, and to the best of our knowledge, there is no study that has shown this substance does not reduce bacteria. According to the result of the articles, riboflavin as a photosensitizer activated by blue light can reduce bacteria that are involved in periodontitis, but other studies have reported that blue light alone can also reduce bacteria significantly. Therefore, more in-vitro and clinical trial studies are needed to give a more conclusive opinion on the effectiveness of riboflavin as a photosensitizer in the treatment of periodontitis.