Factors for the Primary Prevention of Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

Author:

Poorolajal Jalal123,Heidarimoghis Fatemeh1,Karami Manoochehr14,Cheraghi Zahra12,Gohari-Ensaf Fatemeh1,Shahbazi Fatemeh1,Zareie Bushra1,Ameri Pegah1,Sahraei Fatemeh1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

2. Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

3. Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

4. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

Abstract

Background: This report provided the effect of 15 preventable factors on the risk of breast cancer incidence. Study design: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: A detailed research was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases in January 2020. Reference lists were also screened. Prospective cohort studies addressing the associations between breast cancer and 15 factors were analyzed. Between-study heterogeneity was investigated using the χ2 , τ2 , and I2 statistics. The probability of publication bias was explored using the Begg and Egger tests and trim-and-fill analysis. Effect sizes were expressed as risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random-effects model. Results: Based on the results, out of 147,083 identified studies, 197 were eligible, including 19,413,702 participants. The RRs (95% CI) of factors associated with breast cancer were as follows: cigarette smoking 1.07 (1.05, 1.09); alcohol drinking 1.10 (1.07, 1.12); sufficient physical activity 0.90 (0.86, 0.95); overweight/obesity in premenopausal 0.92 (0.82, 1.03) and postmenopausal 1.18 (1.13, 1.24); nulliparity 1.16 (1.03, 1.31); late pregnancy 1.37 (1.25, 1.50); breastfeeding 0.87 (0.81, 0.93); ever using oral contraceptive 1.00 (0.96, 1.05); ever using estrogen 1.13 (1.04, 1.23); ever using progesterone 1.02 (0.84, 1.24); ever using estrogen/progesterone 1.60 (1.42, 1.80); ever taking hormone replacement therapy 1.26 (1.20, 1.32); red meat consumption 1.05 (1.00, 1.11); fruit/vegetable consumption 0.87 (0.83, 0.90); and history of radiation therapy, based on single study 1.31 (0.87, 1.98). Conclusions: This meta-analysis provided a clear picture of several factors associated with the development of breast cancer. Moreover, the useful information in this study may be utilized for ranking and prioritizing preventable risk factors to implement effective prevention programs.

Publisher

Maad Rayan Publishing Company

Subject

Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health,Health Policy,Epidemiology

Reference62 articles.

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