Does Tobacco Use Enhance the Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Evidence from Eastern Indian Population

Abstract

Background: Tobacco consumption causes altered immune and inflammatory responses which lead to various respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, as well as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders. Studies have only confirmed the harmful effects of tobacco consumption on the severity of COVID-19. The present study aimed to explore the association between tobacco consumption and the initiation of COVID-19. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted to explore the relationship between tobacco consumption and COVID-19. A brief closed-ended, self-structured questionnaire was prepared to record participants’ responses. The Participants included the individuals who visited Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Ranchi, India for the COVID-19 diagnostic test. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 24). The chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were also used to predict the odds of getting infected with COVID-19. Findings: A total of 521 valid responses were obtained and subjected to analysis. Moreover, 256 participants (49.13%) were COVID-19 positive and 57 participants (10.94%) were tobacco users. The odds ratio of tobacco consumption was higher in COVID-19-positive patients compared to COVID-19-negatives (OR=1.78; 95% CI 1.01, 3.13). The current tobacco users had a higher risk of developing COVID-19 as compared to the former users (OR=4.8; 95% CI 1.39, 16.61). The frequency and duration of tobacco use also affected the COVID-19 infectivity rate but these were statistically insignificant. Conclusion: The COVID-19 positivity rate was significantly higher in tobacco users, especially in current tobacco users as compared to former users. Nevertheless, gender and occupation had no significant effect on COVID-19 incidence in this study.