Tau Protein Biosensors in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Abstract

Tau protein plays a crucial role in diagnosing neurodegenerative diseases. However, the assay employed to detect tau protein on a nanoscale is a great challenge for the early diagnosis of diseases. ELISA, western-blotting, and molecular-based methods such as PCR and Real-time PCR are the most widely used methods for detecting tau protein. Such methods are subject to certain limitations: the need for advanced equipment, low sensitivity, and specificity, to name a few. Accordingly, the necessity of discovering advanced and novel methods for monitoring tau protein becomes highlighted. Biosensors are one of the remarkable methods considered by researchers that can largely eliminate the problems and limitations associated with routine methods. The main objective of the present study was to review the latest biosensors developed to detect the tau protein. Further, the problems and limitations of routine diagnosis methods were discussed in detail.