Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Walnut Leaf on Albumin and Hemoglobin Glycosylation In Vitro

Abstract

Background: One of the complications of diabetes mellitus is the glycosylation of various proteins in the body. The purpose of this study was to explore the glycosylation reaction of albumin (Alb) and hemoglobin (Hb) in the presence of varying concentrations of the hydroalcoholic extract derived from dried walnut leaves. Materials and Methods: The plants were gathered and then underwent extraction by employing the maceration technique. Next, 1 mL of the Alb solution, with a concentration of 50 mg/mL, and 1 mL of the Hb solution, with a concentration of 50 mg/mL, were separately exposed to various concentrations of the walnut leaf hydroalcoholic extract (0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 0 mg/ mL). Additionally, 1 mL of the glucose solution (30 mg/mL for Alb and 20 mg/mL for Hb) was added to each, along with 0.5 mL of phosphate buffer (pH=7.4, concentration of 0.01 M). This mixture was left for 72 hours, and the absorbance of the final solution was measured at 443 nm. Results: According to the results, the most significant inhibition of Alb glycosylation was observed in the presence of the hydroalcoholic extract from walnut leaves at a concentration of 25% µg/ mL. Moreover, the highest percentage of inhibition of glycosylated Hb was found in the presence of 5% µg/mL of the hydroalcoholic extract from dried walnut leaves. Conclusion: The hydroalcoholic extract from dried walnut leaves was observed to moderately reduce the glycosylation of both Alb and Hb.