Role of cellulose family in fibril organization of collagen for forming 3D cancer spheroids: In vitro and in silico approach

Abstract

Introduction: Cell aggregation of three-dimensional (3D) culture systems (the so-called spheroids) are designed as in vitro platform to represent more accurately the in vivo environment for drug discovery by using semi-solid media. The uniform multicellular tumor spheroids can be generated based on the interaction of cells with extracellular matrix (ECM) macromolecules such as collagen and integrin. This study aimed to investigate the possible interactions between the cellulose family and collagen using both in vitro and in silico approaches. Methods: The 3D microtissue of JIMT-1 cells was generated using hanging drop method to study the effects of charge and viscosity of the medium containing cellulose family. To determine the mode of interaction between cellulose derivatives (CDs) and collagen-integrin, docking analysis and molecular simulation were further performed using open source web servers and chemical simulations (GROMACS), respectively. Results: The results confirmed that the addition of CDs into the 3D medium can promote the formation of solid spheroids, where methylcellulose (MC) yielded uniform spheroids compared to carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Moreover, the computational analysis showed that MC interacted with both integrin and collagen, while sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) only interacted with collagen residues. The stated different behaviors in the 3D culture formation and collagen interaction were found in the physicochemical properties of CDs. Conclusion: Based on in vitro and in silico findings, MC is suggested as an important ECM-mimicking entity that can support the semi-solid medium and promote the formation of the uniform spheroid in the 3D culture.