Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Pregnant Women Regarding the Possible Effects of Obesity on Maternal and Fetal Health

Abstract

Background: Obesity is a common health problem among females in reproductive age. Obesity is associated with fetal and maternal complications. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of pregnant women regarding obesity and its negative impact on maternal and fetal health. Methods: This study was conducted among 218 pregnant women who attended one primary care center in Abha City, KSA during 2018. The participants were interviewed during their visit to the antenatal clinic using a valid questionnaire which included many questions exploring the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding obesity during pregnancy. Data were entered and analyzed through SPSS. Relevant statistical tests were used accordingly, p-values were considered significant if less than 5%. Results: The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were 37.6% and 24% respectively; more than half of the participants did not know the expected average weight increase during pregnancy and more than half were unable to classify their actual weight correctly. Knowledge regarding harmful effect of obesity on maternal and fetal health during pregnancy was poor. Pregnant women also have false beliefs about dietary habits and physical activities which may lead to gaining of extra weight during pregnancy and worsen the outcomes. Conclusion: The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity among many pregnant women were high. Knowledge related to obesity and its maternal and fetal risk were inadequate. False beliefs regarding lifestyle during pregnancy were evident. A preconception structured health education program to upgrade knowledge, change attitude, improve practice and to correct misbeliefs regarding obesity during pregnancy, is mandatory. Keywords: obesity, overweight, Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Pregnancy.