Peripheral cardiopulmonary bypass with modified assisted venous drainage and transthoracic aortic crossclamp: optimal management for robotic mitral valve repair

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate peripheral cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with modified assisted venous drainage (MAVD) and transthoracic aortic cross-clamping to maintain a bloodless surgical field, adequate myocardial protection, systemic flow and pressure during robotic surgical repair of the mitral valve. Peripheral CPB was established with a standard Duraflo®-coated closed circuit with femoral arterial and venous cannulation. An additional 17 Fr wire-bound cannula was inserted into the right internal jugular vein and drainage rates of 200-400 mL/min were regulated using a separate roller-head pump. A transthoracic aortic crossclamp with antegrade cardioplegia was used for myocardial protection. Mitral valve (MV) repair was then performed through two 1-cm ports for the robotic arms and a 4-cm intercostal incision for the camera and passing suture. From October 2001 to October 2002, 25 patients underwent robotic MV repair. Average surgical times include leaflet resection and repair, 20 min, and insertion of annuloplasty ring, 28 min; average perfusion times, crossclamp 88 min and total bypass time of 126 min. There were no incisional conversions, no reoperations for bleeding and no deaths, strokes or perioperative myocardial infarctions. Twenty-one (84%) patients were extubated in the operating room. Average LOS was 2.7 days with eight (32%) patients discharged home in less than 24 hours. In conclusion, peripheral CPB with gravity drainage of the lower body and MAVD of the upper body allow safe and effective support during robotically assisted minimally invasive MV repair. This approach may be applied to other forms of minimally invasive cardiac surgery that requires CPB.