KIDNEY INJURY IN CANCER THERAPY

Abstract

Кidney injury is a frequent and significant complication of cancer and cancer therapy. The kidneys are susceptible to injury from malignant infiltration, damage by metabolites of malignant cells, glomerular  injury, nephrotoxic drugs including chemotherapeutic agents. Also  bone marrow transplantation complications, infections with immune  suppression (including septicemia), tumor lysis syndrome should be  taken into account. Chemotherapeutic agents are a common cause  of acute kidney injury but can potentially lead to chronic kidney  disease development in cancer patients. This article summarizes risk  factors of acute kidney injury in cancer patients. Risk factors are  divided into two groups. The systemic are decrease of total  circulating blood volume, infiltration of kidney tissue by tumor cells,  dysproteinemia, electrolyte disturbances. The local (renal) risk  factors are microcirculation disturbances, drugs biotransformation  with formation of reactive oxygen intermediates, high concentration of nephrotoxic agents in proximal tubules and its  sensitivity to ischemia. Drug-related risk factors include: drugs  combination with cytotoxic effect high doses long term use necessity, direct cytotoxic effect of not only chemotherapeutic agents but also its metabolites, mean solubility forming intratubular  precipitates. Early diagnosis, timely prevention and treatment of  these complications provide significantly improve nononcologic results of treatment.