Acute l acute lymphoblastic leukemia and CAR-T Cell immunotherapy: a literature review

Abstract

Introduction: The use of CAR-T cells has shown significant results, representing a transformative new treatment option with potentially lasting and even curative responses. This study aims to comprehend CAR-T cell immunotherapy as an innovation for the treatment of B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Methodology: The research was conducted through a bibliographic search in the Medline, PubMed, and Lilacs databases, using the following descriptors: "Acute lymphoblastic leukemia" OR "CAR-T cells" OR "Immunotherapy" and their respective translations into English, between May 2023 and December 2023. Results: The selected studies demonstrated that ALL is a neoplasia with multifactorial etiology, originating in the bone marrow, leading to uncontrolled proliferation of lymphoblasts. However, chemotherapy, despite being the therapeutic method of choice, is considered nonspecific, as the drugs, besides acting on tumor cells, also compromise normal tissues with a high rate of renewal through mitotic division, such as the bone marrow, resulting in adverse reactions. Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, it was possible to conclude that immunotherapy using CAR-T cells has been showing promising results with satisfactory outcomes.