Ultrasound Intensify the Flavonoid Production of the Willow Bracket Mushroom, Phellinus igniarius (Agaricomycetes), Fermentation Mycelia

Abstract

This research aimed to use a novel and effective ultrasound (US) approach for obtaining high bio-compound production, hence proposing strategies for boosting active ingredient biosynthesis. Furthermore, the US promotes several physiological effects on the relevant organelles in the cell, morphological effects on the structure of <i>Phellinus igniarius </i>mycelium, and increases the transfer of nutrients and metabolites. One suitable US condition for flavonoid fermentation was determined as once per day for 7-9 days at a frequency 22 &#43; 40 kHz, power density 120 W/L, treated 10 min, treatment off time 7 s. The flavonoid content and production increased about 47.51&#37; and 101.81&#37;, respectively, compared with the untreated fermentation (<i>P</i> &#60; 0.05). SEM showed that sonication changes the morphology and structure of <i>Ph. igniarius</i> mycelium; TEM reveals the ultrasonic treatment causes organelle aggregation. The ultrasound could affect the metabolism of the biosynthesis of the active ingredients.