The Impact of Human Development Variables on Agricultural Growth in Iraq for The Period 1990 - 2022

Abstract

Despite the importance of agricultural sector in Iraq, the reality indicates the inability of this sector to meet the needs required of it, as the reason for this lies in the fact that it is managed by individuals who do not possess the most basic elements of human development, the study aims to measure and explain the impact of human development variables in raising the agricultural growth rate in Iraq during the period from 1990-2022. In order to apply the quantitative aspect of the study, the agricultural output growth rate was adopted as a dependent variable Y. As for independent variables, they included agricultural capital X1, mechanical technology X2, chemical technology X3, agricultural labor X4 and agricultural education X5, depending on the statically software E-views10 and its tests according to the ordinary least squares method (OLS), the results showed the significance of the variables of capital and chemical technology with a positive effect in agricultural growth rate in short and long terms. The negative significant effect of mechanical technology and labor force appeared only in long term, while agricultural education appeared to have a significant and positive effect in the long term. The most important conclusions were reached was that human resources contribute to the development of agricultural businesses until they are considered the main means of achieving large-scale production. We recommend increasing government spending in the areas of education, training and rehabilitation in rural Iraq, as it enables the population to employ their skills and experience in raising the rate of agricultural growth.