K politickému liberalizmu Johna Rawlsa: Perspektivy a úskalí v současném občansko-politickém diskurze

Abstract

Except to the Theory of Justice from 1971, which fundamentally changed the view of pluralist democracies with a market system on the welfare state and redistribution, John Rawls was also responsible for another application of philosophical doctrine to political practice by the form of the idea of political liberalism. This approach, as in the case of the „Theory of Justice“, was to once again solve the fundamental dilemma of democratic and pluralist societies built on the value basis of liberal tradition and market economy, how to approach opinion opponents who hold other ideological attitudes, which operate in democratic frameworks. In the presented text, we tried for an objective definition of John Rawls's political liberalism, while the study had the ambition to analyze the perspectives and pitfalls of this concept for the contemporary civil-political discourse. For the purpose of the presented study, we chose the method of analysis of the author's original work as well as secondary literature. Subsequently, we synthesized the obtained partial findings into statements and knowledge of new quality. The study demonstrated that, similar to the author's work „Theory of Justice“, this concept of the author in the form of „Political Liberalism“ is workable and applicable in civil-political practice. However, the text also works with the idea, that this approach is currently accepted rather formally, and the idea of political liberalism necessarily runs into the problem of gradual preference of liberal conceptions of the good life. By referring to authors from domestic and also foreign philosophical communities, the text demonstrated the international and interdisciplinary scope of the problem, which extends into the broad field of humanities and social sciences..