1. Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
2. Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
3. Department of Dermatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
4. Department of Health Development and Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
5. Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Atami Hospital, International University of Health and Welfare, Atami, Japan
6. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
7. General Geriatric Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
8. Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
9. Department of Dermatology, Sumitomo Hospital, Osaka, Japan
10. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine, Nippon Life Hospital, Osaka, Japan
11. Diabetes and Endocrinology, Saga-Ken Medical Centre Koseikan, Saga, Japan
12. Department of Dermatology, Showa General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
13. Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
14. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, North Medical Center, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
15. Department of Community Healthcare and Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
16. Geriatric Medicine, Meitetsu Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
17. Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
18. Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA