Differences in Temporal Spatial Gait Characteristics Between People With and Without Hip Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To provide updated evidence regarding temporal spatial gait deviations in people with hip osteoarthritis. DESIGN: Etiology systematic review with meta-analysis LITERATURE SEARCH: Five databases were searched from March 2013 to June 2023. STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA: Eligible studies included original research comparing 1 or more temporal spatial gait parameters between affected and contralateral limb in unilateral hip osteoarthritis. DATA SYNTHESIS: Data were synthesized using random-effects meta-analysis. Study quality was assessed using a modified Downs and Black assessment. Data were extracted and analyzed for 8 temporal spatial gait parameters. RESULTS: We included 33 studies. Individuals with hip osteoarthritis walked 22% slower than healthy controls (−0.26 m/s; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.32, −0.2; P<.001) with longer stance duration (+0.86% of gait cycle; 95% CI: 0.06, 1.65; P = .03). Subgroup analysis indicated a similar reduction in walking speed in individuals with severe hip osteoarthritis (−0.27 m/s; 95% CI: −0.34, −0.21; P<.001) and less of a reduction in people with early to moderate hip osteoarthritis (−0.16 m/s; 95% CI: −0.24, −0.08; P = .02). Stance duration was longer in people with early to moderate hip osteoarthritis (+1.51% of gait cycle; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.97; P = .02) but less evident in people with severe hip osteoarthritis (+0.7% of gait cycle; 95% CI: −0.32, 1.72; P = .15). CONCLUSION: Slower walking speed and longer stance duration may be a characteristic in individuals with hip osteoarthritis and a distinguishing factor within the various stages of the disease. Further investigation may encourage the use of gait analysis as a clinically accessible tool to monitor disease progression. JOSPT Open 2023;1(1):16-33. Epub 18 August 2023. doi:10.2519/josptopen.2023.0017