ԵՐԵԽԱՆԵՐԻ ՇՐՋԱՆՈՒՄ ՇԱՐԺՈՂԱԿԱՆ ԽԱՆԳԱՐՈՒՄՆԵՐԻ ՎԵՐԱԲԵՐՅԱԼ

Abstract

The article substantiates the relevance of research into movement disorders in children and presents the age-related characteristics of their research. The article presents the clinical manifestations of paroxysmal motor disorders under the age of 3 months, taking into account the fact that those are fundamentally different from similar phenomena in children above 3 months old. The basis for the age distribution are the aspects of antigravity perspective to a child’s head holding, sitting and standing. In this category of children, a video electroencephalography is of particular importance for distinguishing non-epileptic manifestations. At the same time, the special importance of the latter is substantiated, because non-epileptic movement disorders do not require treatment with anticonvulsants. It is noted that often even an EEG is insufficient to clarify the diagnosis. Based on the data presented, it can be concluded that hyperkinetic movement disorders are characterized by paroxysmal manifestations and are not accompanied by EEG abnormalities. Most of them are manifested in early childhood in the form of hyperekplexia, sometimes in the prenatal period, have a favorable outcome and do not require treatment. In the meantime, the dystonic movement disorders, as a rule, are presented with the involvement of the extrapyramidal system and are often associated with specific diseases. At the same time, dystonia, manifested by Sandifer syndrome, is caused mainly by gastroesophageal reflux. It is noteworthy that the video-EEG is considered to be the “golden” standard for the differential diagnosis of paroxysmal non-epileptic manifestations.