ԿԱՏԱՐԱԿՏԻ ՈՒԼՏՐԱՁԱՅՆԱՅԻՆ ՖԱԿՈԷՄՈՒԼՍԻՖԻԿԱՑԻԱՅԻ ԱՐԴՅՈՒՆԱՎԵՏՈՒԹՅԱՆ ԽՆԴԻՐՆԵՐԻ ՎԵՐԱԲԵՐՅԱԼ

Abstract

Cataract is a common disease, which occupies a leading position in the world among the causes of blindness. The interaction of many factors plays a role in the pathogenesis of cataract. Treatment of cataracts is only surgical. Ultrasonic phacoemulsification is the leading method for restoring vision in cataracts. It is recognized worldwide as the most effective and safest method for restoring vision in cataracts. The way of ultrasonic phacoemulsification is widespread all over the world - up to 95% of cases of cataract surgeries in Russia, Western Europe, and the United States are carried out using this technique. One of the main tendencies in modern cataract phacoemulsification is an increase in the efficiency of the use of ultrasonic energy. Further development of the cataract treatment technique is the search of ways to reduce surgical trauma and the invasiveness of intervention on the lens, which is due to the fact that ultrasonic destruction of the lens is combined with a negative effect, in particular, on the endothelium or posterior epithelium of the cornea, which can seriously affect the outcome of the operation itself. The high density of the lens nucleus with a combination of low density of corneal endothelial cells substantially complicates the task of the surgeon. During life, the density of endothelial cells decreases. Even non-complicated operations for cataracts lead to their loss up to 12-20%. Recovery of endothelial cells occurs due to their migration and hypertrophy. Based on the foregoing, there is a need to develop a criterion that can be used to predict the effectiveness of ultrasonic phacoemulsification in terms of the preservation of corneal endothelial cells. The morphofunctional state of the endothelial cells of the cornea and the cornea itself can become such criterion: the area and thickness of the cornea, the number of endothelial cells and their ratio. We are convinced that it is the morphofunctional state of the endothelial cells of the cornea and the cornea itself that should become the basis for an accurate estimate of the ultrasound energy.