Head injury case with blunt force traumatic: Case report

Abstract

Child abuse has negative impact for children including emotional performance, mental dysfunction, and decrease intelligence. According to the 2014 Surveillance Report of Traumatic Brain Injury, in the United States, there are approximately 2.87 million head injury patients. Head injury, or so-called head trauma, is a blunt force/sharp force on the head or face that results in temporary cerebral dysfunction. It is one of the leading causes of death and disability in the productive age group, primarily traffic accidents. A boy went to the emergency room at Bhayangkara Kediri Hospital. There was swelling on the left head, expanding on the forehead and bruising on the left ear. Also found signs of sodomy marks in the form of abrasions around the anus. There are also bruises on the back and neck of the end. For a definitive diagnosis, the results of the CT scan were that the patient obtained extensive cerebral contusion and caused the deviation of the midline structure to the right as far as ± 0.9 cm with subgaleal hematoma and the dilation of cerebral blood vessels. In cases of head injury due to blunt trauma, blood infiltration will be found in the layers of the scalp and muscles in the direction of the trauma. The presence of blood infiltration is an intravital sign of evidence of extravasation of blood cells in the tissue. Another finding may be a skull base fracture in the posterior fossa caused by a direct blow to the occipital region. At the base of the skull, a fracture in the posterior fossa can cause symptoms such as bleeding from the nose, mouth, and ears, damage to the cranial nerves and cause raccoon eyes. In head injuries caused by blunt trauma can also cause subarachnoid hemorrhage and subdural hemorrhage due to rupture of the superior cerebral vein and “bridging vein” due to pressure/trauma it can cause death, to distinguish subarachnoid hemorrhage from subdural hemorrhage needs to be done sprinkling with water.