Loa loa in the Vitreous Cavity of the Eye: A Case Report and State of Art

Author:

Pallara Elisabetta1,Cotugno Sergio1,Guido Giacomo1,De Vita Elda1,Ricciardi Aurelia1,Totaro Valentina1,Camporeale Michele1,Frallonardo Luisa1,Novara Roberta1,Panico Gianfranco G.1,Puzo Pasquale2,Alessio Giovanni2,Sablone Sara3,Mariani Michele1,De Iaco Giuseppina1,Milano Eugenio1,Bavaro Davide F.1,Lattanzio Rossana1,Patti Giulia1,Papagni Roberta1,Pellegrino Carmen1,Saracino Annalisa1,Di Gennaro Francesco1

Affiliation:

1. Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro,” Bari, Italy;

2. Section of Ophthalmology, Department of Medical Science, Neuroscience and Senso Organs, Bari Policlinico Hospital University of Bari, Bari, Italy;

3. Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro,” Bari, Italy

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Loa loa is a filarial nematode responsible for loiasis, endemic to West–Central Africa south of the Sahara and transmitted by flies. This study reports a case of L. loa in the vitreous cavity of the eye of a young patient, along with an in-depth literature review. A 22-year-old woman from Cameroon who migrated from Cameroon to Italy was referred to the Emergency Ophthalmology Department at Policlinico di Bari in July 2021 with the presence of a moving parasite in the subconjunctiva of the left eye. A recent onset of a papular lesion on the dorsal surface of the right wrist and a nodular lesion in the scapular region were detected. L. loa filariasis was diagnosed based on anamnestic data, clinical and paraclinical signs, and a parasitological test confirming the presence of microfilariae in two blood samples collected in the morning of two different days. Because of the unavailability of diethylcarbamazine (DEC), albendazole (ALB) 200 mg twice daily was administered for 21 days. A mild exacerbation of pruritus occurred during treatment, but resolved with the use of an antihistamine. A single dose of 12 mg ivermectin was prescribed at the end of the treatment with albendazole. Unlike other endemic parasite infections, L. loa is not included in the Global Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis, because it is not mentioned in the WHO and CDC list of neglected tropical diseases. This can result in an overall risk of lack of attention and studies on loiasis, with lack of data on global burden of the disease.

Publisher

American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

Subject

General Medicine

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