Impact of Environmental Modifications on the Ecology, Epidemiology, and Pathogenesis of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax Malaria in East Africa

Author:

Yan Guiyun1,Lee Ming-Chieh1,Zhou Guofa1,Jiang Ai-Ling2,Degefa Teshome3,Zhong Daibin1,Wang Xiaoming1,Hemming-Schroeder Elizabeth4,Mukabana Wolfgang R.5,Dent Arlene E.4,King Christopher L.4,Hsu Kuolin2,Beeson James6,Githure John I.,Atieli Harrysone7,Githeko Andrew K.8,Yewhalaw Delenasaw39,Kazura James W.4

Affiliation:

1. Program in Public Health, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California;

2. Center for Hydrometeorology and Remote Sensing, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California;

3. Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia;

4. Center for Global Health & Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio;

5. Department of Biology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya;

6. Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;

7. School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Kisumu, Kenya;

8. Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya;

9. Tropical and Infectious Diseases Research Center, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Food insecurity, recurrent famine, and poverty threaten the health of millions of African residents. Construction of dams and rural irrigation schemes is key to solving these problems. The sub-Saharan Africa International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research addresses major knowledge gaps and challenges in Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria control and elimination in malaria-endemic areas of Kenya and Ethiopia where major investments in water resource development are taking place. This article highlights progress of the International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research in malaria vector ecology and behavior, epidemiology, and pathogenesis since its inception in 2017. Studies conducted in four field sites in Kenya and Ethiopia show that dams and irrigation increased the abundance, stability, and productivity of larval habitats, resulting in increased malaria transmission and a greater disease burden. These field studies, together with hydrological and malaria transmission modeling, enhance the ability to predict the impact of water resource development projects on vector larval ecology and malaria risks, thereby facilitating the development of optimal water and environmental management practices in the context of malaria control efforts. Intersectoral collaborations and community engagement are crucial to develop and implement cost-effective malaria control strategies that meet food security needs while controlling malaria burden in local communities.

Publisher

American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

Subject

Virology,Infectious Diseases,Parasitology

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