Multidisciplinary Investigations of Sustained Malaria Transmission in the Greater Mekong Subregion

Author:

Cui Liwang1,Sattabongkot Jetsumon2,Aung Pyae Linn3,Brashear Awtum1,Cao Yaming4,Kaewkungwal Jaranit5,Khamsiriwatchara Amnat5,Kyaw Myat Phone3,Lawpoolsri Saranath5,Menezes Lynette1,Miao Jun1,Nguitragool Wang2,Parker Daniel6,Phuanukoonnon Suparat2,Roobsoong Wanlapa2,Siddiqui Faiza1,Soe Myat Thu3,Sriwichai Patchara7,Yang Zhaoqing8,Zhao Yan4,Zhong Daibin9

Affiliation:

1. Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida;

2. Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand;

3. Myanmar Health Network Organization, Yangon, Myanmar;

4. Department of Immunology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China;

5. Department of Tropical Hygiene, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand;

6. Department of Epidemiology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California;

7. Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand;

8. Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China;

9. Program in Public Health, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California

Abstract

ABSTRACT. In the course of malaria elimination in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS), malaria epidemiology has experienced drastic spatiotemporal changes with residual transmission concentrated along international borders and the rising predominance of Plasmodium vivax. The emergence of Plasmodium falciparum parasites resistant to artemisinin and partner drugs renders artemisinin-based combination therapies less effective while the potential spread of multidrug-resistant parasites elicits concern. Vector behavioral changes and insecticide resistance have reduced the effectiveness of core vector control measures. In recognition of these problems, the Southeast Asian International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research (ICEMR) has been conducting multidisciplinary research to determine how human migration, antimalarial drug resistance, vector behavior, and insecticide resistance sustain malaria transmission at international borders. These efforts allow us to comprehensively understand the ecology of border malaria transmission and develop population genomics tools to identify and track parasite introduction. In addition to employing in vivo, in vitro, and molecular approaches to monitor the emergence and spread of drug-resistant parasites, we also use genomic and genetic methods to reveal novel mechanisms of antimalarial drug resistance of parasites. We also use omics and population genetics approaches to study insecticide resistance in malaria vectors and identify changes in mosquito community structure, vectorial potential, and seasonal dynamics. Collectively, the scientific findings from the ICEMR research activities offer a systematic view of the factors sustaining residual malaria transmission and identify potential solutions to these problems to accelerate malaria elimination in the GMS.

Publisher

American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

Subject

Virology,Infectious Diseases,Parasitology

Reference195 articles.

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