Infant Dengue a 10-Year Experience from a Tertiary Center in South India

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Dengue remains a major problem in the tropics. Several Asian countries have reported an increasing trend in the proportion of infants with dengue fever. However, most studies are limited to case reports or small case series from isolated outbreaks. We planned this study to look at clinico-laboratory profile, outcome, and predictors of severity in a large cohort of infants over a decade. Electronic medical records of infants admitted at a tertiary center of South India, with laboratory confirmed dengue infection between 2009 and 2019 were reviewed. Diagnosis was based on detection of NS-1 antigen and/or immunoglobulin M antibody against DENV(dengue virus) or positive DENV RNA polymerase chain reaction in infants presenting with acute febrile illness and clinical features consistent with dengue. Of 395 children with dengue admitted during study period, 99 (25%) were infants. A cyclical incidence pattern was noted, with higher cases in alternate years. Fever (99%) was most common, followed by gastrointestinal symptoms (vomiting, diarrhea—28%) and upper respiratory symptoms (cough, coryza—22%). Fifty-three infants had severe dengue, and 39 had shock. Fourteen children had multiorgan dysfunction syndrome, and 13 died. Infants with severe dengue were older than those with nonsevere disease, had lower serum albumin and greater frequency of severe thrombocytopenia, and had coagulopathy. On multivariable analysis, low serum albumin predicted development of severe dengue [P = 0.003, odds ratio 12.4 (95% confidence interval: 2.42–63.7)]. Dengue in infants may be challenging to recognize because of its undifferentiated presentation, with gastrointestinal and upper respiratory symptoms that are similar to other viral illness. Severe dengue is common in this sample, and lower serum albumin at presentation was predictive of severe disease.