Case Report: An Atypical Erysipeloid Presentation of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis from the Hilly Region of Nepal

Abstract

Cutaneous leishmaniasis, which is the most common form of leishmaniasis, classically presents as small erythematous papules and nodules that develop into ulcers with indurated, raised outer borders. However, lesions of cutaneous leishmaniasis can have pleomorphic and atypical presentations. The erysipeloid form is one of the rare, atypical presentations of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Reported is a case of a 58-year-old man from the hilly region of Nepal who presented with an atypical erythematous and edematous plaque over the left antecubital fossa. Cutaneous leishmaniasis was not considered as an initial diagnosis because of the atypical appearance of the lesion as well as his residence in the hilly region of Nepal. The diagnosis was made after detection of amastigotes on histopathological examination of a cutaneous biopsy specimen. There was complete regression of the lesion after treatment with oral miltefosine followed by oral fluconazole. Clinicians should be aware of atypical presentations of cutaneous leishmaniasis and it should be considered in the differential diagnosis, regardless of the presentation or geographic location.