Identification of Pathogens Potentially Associated with Non-Malarial Fever in Children: A Pilot Study in Peri-Urban Dakar, Senegal

Author:

Gildas Boris Hedible1,Idrissa Dieng2,Marie Louise Senghor1,Cheikh Talla1,Mamadou Aliou Barry1,Fatoumata Diène Sarr1,Rebecca Grant3,Raymond Bercion4,Diamilatou Thiam1,Vincent Richard5,Oumar Faye2,Abdoulaye Seck46,Muriel Vray137

Affiliation:

1. 1Unité d’Epidémiologie des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Pasteur, Dakar, Senegal;

2. 2Pôle de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, Dakar, Senegal;

3. 3Unité d’épidémiologie des Maladies émergentes, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France;

4. 4Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur, Dakar, Senegal;

5. 5Institut Pasteur, Paris, France;

6. 6Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d’Odontologie, UCAD, Dakar, Senegal;

7. 7INSERM, Paris, France

Abstract

ABSTRACTFever is one of the most common reasons for pediatric consultation in Africa. Malaria incidence has now dropped considerably, yet etiologies of non-malarial febrile diseases are poorly documented. This pilot study aimed to 1) identify pathogens potentially associated with non-malarial fever in children younger than 10 years in the suburbs of Dakar and 2) describe the epidemiological characteristics of these patients. During the study period, all eligible children (< 10 years of age, body temperature ≥ 38°C, negative result for the malaria rapid diagnostic test, living in Guediawaye/Pikine for the previous four calendar months, not receiving any anti-infectious treatment since the onset of fever, and with parent’s consent to participate) presenting to the health post in Medina Gounass located in Guediawaye on Mondays and Fridays were included. In total, 106 children participated in the study, and PCR from nasopharyngeal swabs, hemoculture, C-reactive protein, blood cell counts, and quantitative buffy coat from blood samples and coproculture from stool samples were performed. In 70 (66%) children, at least one pathogen was isolated. Viruses were identified in 55 children, most commonly enteroviruses, rhinoviruses, and adenoviruses, and dengue virus was identified in three children. Only five children had bacterial infections, and 10 had bacterial and viral coinfections. Ninety-seven children (92%) received prescription for antibiotics. Many strains of bacteria were found to be resistant to several antibiotics. Despite limitations, this pilot study showed that pathogens potentially associated with non-malarial fever in children younger than 10 years near Dakar were predominantly viruses, most commonly upper respiratory infections, although bacteria accounted for a small proportion.

Publisher

American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

Subject

Virology,Infectious Diseases,Parasitology

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