Topologically Optimized Anode Catalyst Layers of Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers

Abstract

Proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs) are a promising technology for producing clean hydrogen, but their widespread commercialization is limited by high costs, especially due to their high loadings of expensive iridium-based catalysts. This study focuses on the development of a model to simulate the physics of the anode catalyst layer in PEMWEs and the use of topology optimization to search for an optimal structure. The goal is to maximize cell performance by controlling the volume fractions of electrolyte and carbon-supported catalyst materials. By optimizing the structure of the anode catalyst layer using topology optimization, a significant increase in electrochemical reaction by approximately 40% compared to a case with the homogeneously distributed electrode can be achieved. This could be a crucial step towards developing high-performance PEMWE systems that could be used to store renewable energy and reduce reliance on traditional fossil fuels.