A Cutting-Edge Sensor to Detect Clenbuterol in Animal Biological Fluids

Abstract

This research work successfully synthesized the MF (MgFe2O4) material at various hydrothermal temperatures. The XRD, BET, SEM and EDX characterization techniques were employed to confirm the formation of MF-190. The electrochemical characteristics of the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) were investigated after dropping MF-190 material with nanoscale particles onto its surface zone to generate the modified electrode-MF/GCE. Moreover, by applying this modified MF-190 electrode, CBT (clenbuterol) signals were detected by using two electrochemistry techniques, CV (cyclic voltammetry) and DPV (differential pulse voltammetry). The MF/GCE described the great responsiveness to CBT signals using the DPV method with a LOD (limit of detection) and LOQ (limit of quantification) of 0.45 μM and 1.56 μM, compared to the bare GCE. The linear CBT concentration ranges from 1 to 50 μM. Several interferents such as NH4NO3, CaCl2, Na2SO4, uric acid, terbutaline, salbutamol and paracetamol did not affect the CBT signals within the modified electrode’s operation. Furthermore, this work shows that the determination of CBT in real purine samples with the RSD values (not higher than 4.45%) and the recovery values (97.7%–104.3%) was suitable. In addition, compared to the previous reports, this original research work would emphasize the novel detection of CBT via the MF/GCE with the costless, simple, reliable technique.