Dielectric Characteristics and A.C. Conductivity of Pb3O4-Bi2O3-B2O3:CuO Glass Ceramics with CuBi2O4 Crystal Phase: A Possible Electrode Material for Ionic Batteries

Abstract

In this study, we investigated the dielectric properties of Pb3O4-Bi2O3-B2O3 (PBB) glass ceramics doped with varying CuO concentrations across wide frequency and temperature ranges. The structural analysis involved XRD, SEM, XPS, DTA, FT-IR, ESR, and OA spectra, revealed the presence of anisotropic CuBi2O4 ferroelectric crystal phases with the size of a few microns in these glass ceramics. The glass-ceramics containing a higher content of CuO indicated a maximal reduction of Cu2+ to Cu+ ions that inhabit network-forming sites. Dielectric properties, including ε′, M,′ M″, Z, and σ ac , were studied as functions of CuO content. ε′ and σ ac were observed to decrease, while impedance was found to increase with CuO up to 0.8 mol%. Observed dipolar effects were quantitatively discussed with the identification of probable dipoles. The study indicated decreased ionic and increased polaronic contributions to σ ac with a rise of CuO from 0.2 to 0.8 mol%. In conclusion, glass ceramics with low CuO content are suitable as solid electrolytes, while higher CuO content serves as electrode materials in solid-state batteries.