Development of Nitrate-Ion Selective Electrode (NO3-ISE) Based on Carbon from Disposal Battery

Abstract

This research is related to the successfully well fabricated NO3-ISE sensor from battery waste disposal. Two types of material used, i.e., the battery waste taken from (i) graphite rods and (ii) carbon paste. The fabrication of NO3-ISE sensors from graphite rods only goes through two main processes, namely removal of impurities and the growth of the Polypyrrole layer doped with NO3 (PPy-NO3). While the NO3-ISE sensor prepared from carbon paste run through four stages, which include removal of impurities, the formation of graphite rod, dry-ing of graphite rod and formation of PPy-NO3 coating. However, both sensors produce the performance that are not much different with respect to Nernstian number between −58.8–(−60.8) mV dec−1 for graphite rods and −50.3–(−59.5) mV dec−1 based on carbon paste with a linear range of 0.1–10−4 M. The PPy-NO3 coating process on the surfaces of both graphite was carried out with a 16 cycles through Cyclic Voltammetry technique. Both sensors also exhibit considerable interferences from the IO3 − and Cl− ions, but show good selectivity against the H2PO4 − and SO4 2− ions. Both self-fabricated sensors have an accuracy that is comparable to the standard APHA method Ed.22nd 4500-NO3-E2012.