Electrochemical Principles as Applied to Grid Corrosion in Lead-Acid Batteries

Abstract

Alloying constituents for lead alloys used for grids utilized in the manufacture of lead-acid batteries fall into two main categories: those with antimony and those without. The alloys without antimony can be further divided into those with calcium and those without, thus dividing the entire family of alloys into three main categories. This paper discusses the electrochemical principles that influence the progress of corrosion of these alloys in the lead-acid battery environment. Even as the alloy selected must meet the requirements of the application mode, it ultimately impacts the life expectancy of the battery. This review and discussion encompasses both the vented (or flooded) as well as the valve regulated lead acid (VRLA) battery types. Focus is on cast alloys in relationship to the grain structure and the inter-metallic phases present at the grain boundaries that lead to electrochemical disparity and corrosion, and the steps taken to control it.