A Novel Electrochemical Strategy for the Highly Sensitive Investigation of Tinidazole Using Newly Designed Halloysite Nano Clay and TiO2 Based Sensor

Abstract

A voltametric technique with high sensitivity has been introduced to perform the electrochemical reduction of Tinidazole (TDZ), a significant antihistamine medication employed to combat infections instigated by various protozoans like Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, and Trichomonas vaginalis. This method employs a Titanium oxide and halloysite nano clay modified Glassy Carbon electrode (TiO2-HNC/GCE), which displayed remarkable sensitivity and selectivity in detecting TDZ. The electrode characterization was carried out by XRD and SEM-EDS. The analysis of TDZ explored using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV). The best reduction activity of TDZ was observed in pH of 7.0. The process was determined to be irreversible and controlled by diffusion. Through concentration variance assessments, a linear range of 1.0 μM to 10.0 μM was established. Detection and quantification limits were computed to be 14 nM and 46.9 nM, which is superior to reported works. The practical utility of the modified sensor was verified to detect TDZ concentration in pharmaceutical and biological samples. The investigation of various parameters indicated the sensor’s stability, and sensitivity in yielding valuable outcomes and can be used in pharamaco-kinetics and quality control laboratories.