Electrochemical Behavior and Determination of Tolvaptan Using Glassy Carbon and Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes

Abstract

Tolvaptan (TOL), a vasopressin V2 receptor antagonists drug, is used to treat hyponatremia in people with heart failure. Herein, we report for the first time the electrochemical behavior of TOL and its oxidation metabolite TOL-oxo on glassy carbon and boron-doped diamond electrodes (GCE, BDDE) by cyclic voltammetry (CV). For both molecules, two-electron irreversible oxidation was observed in 0.5 M H2SO4, while single-electron irreversible oxidation occurred at pH 7.0. A sensitive and rapid electroanalytical technique for the detection of TOL has been developed, based on differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Linearity was obtained with GCE within a concentration range between 1–1000 μM, using anodic currents appearing around 1397 mV. For BDDE, the concentration range was 8–1000 μM using anodic currents around 1490 mV.