Review—Electrochemical Immunosensors for Depression Markers Detection: Development in Recent Years

Abstract

Depression is one of the most severe mental disorders, and facing the challengeable lack of objective diagnosis, as well as early screening and predicting treatment responses. Consequently, developing sensitive, efficient, convenient, accurate, and real-time detection technology for depression markers earns more attention. Electrochemical immunosensor, as a promising method for analyzing disease markers, selectively binds the target antigen with antibodies (Abs), converting the biological signal of the antigen-antibody recognition reaction into an electrical signal related to the concentration of the target analyte. This method has thrived in recent years in areas such as point-of-care (POC) diagnosis. This article systematically reviews the construction of electrochemical immunosensors for the detection of biomarkers of depression over the past 6 years (2016–2022), including the classification of these sensors, commonly used electrode modification materials, and signal optimization strategies. Finally, the challenges and future development of electrochemical immunosensors in clinical applications are prospected.