The Dynamic Role Of Myofibroblasts In Oral Tissue Homeostasis And Disease

Abstract

Myofibroblasts are specialized cells that play a crucial role in maintaining the structural integrity and function of oral tissues. These cells exhibit a unique phenotype marked by the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and possess the ability to contract and produce extracellular matrix components. In healthy oral tissues, myofibroblasts contribute to tissue homeostasis by mediating wound healing, tissue remodeling, and matrix turnover. However, the dysregulation of myofibroblast function can lead to pathological conditions such as fibrosis, scarring, and oral cancer. This review aims to explore the dynamic role of myofibroblasts in oral tissue homeostasis and disease. It begins by examining the origin of myofibroblasts in the oral cavity, their phenotypic characteristics, and their interactions with other cell types, including epithelial cells, immune cells, and endothelial cells. The review further highlights the role of myofibroblasts in various oral diseases, such as oral submucous fibrosis, periodontal disease, and oral cancer, and discusses potential therapeutic strategies targeting myofibroblast function. Understanding the dynamic role of myofibroblasts in oral tissue homeostasis and disease is essential for developing innovative therapeutic approaches to modulate myofibroblast function and improve the management of oral diseases.