Asymptotic Enumeration of Sparse Uniform Linear Hypergraphs with Given Degrees

Abstract

A hypergraph is simple if it has no loops and no repeated edges, and a hypergraph is linear if it is simple and each pair of edges intersects in at most one vertex. For $n\geq 3$, let $r= r(n)\geq 3$ be an integer and let $\boldsymbol{k} = (k_1,\ldots, k_n)$ be a vector of nonnegative integers, where each $k_j = k_j(n)$ may depend on $n$. Let $M = M(n) = \sum_{j=1}^n k_j$ for all $n\geq 3$, and define the set $\mathcal{I} = \{ n\geq 3 \mid r(n) \text{ divides } M(n)\}$. We assume that $\mathcal{I}$ is infinite, and perform asymptotics as $n$ tends to infinity along $\mathcal{I}$. Our main result is an asymptotic enumeration formula for linear $r$-uniform hypergraphs with degree sequence $\boldsymbol{k}$. This formula holds whenever the maximum degree $k_{\max}$ satisfies $r^4 k_{\max}^4(k_{\max} + r) = o(M)$. Our approach is to work with the incidence matrix of a hypergraph, interpreted as the biadjacency matrix of a bipartite graph, enabling us to apply known enumeration results for bipartite graphs. This approach also leads to a new asymptotic enumeration formula for simple uniform hypergraphs with specified degrees, and a result regarding the girth of random bipartite graphs with specified degrees.