The effect of ageing on the properties of adipose-derived stem cells. Literature review

Abstract

The review analyses modern scientific research on the impact of adipose tissue dysfunction associated with ageing on the morphofunctional characteristics of adipose-derived stem cells. Ageing in the body is accompanied by dysfunction in all tissues and organs, including adipose tissue, where changes in stem cells and their niche are associated with chronic systemic inflammation and metabolic disorders. Changes in stem cells induced by ageing-associated pathologies can affect both the effectiveness of endogenous tissue repair and the functional characteristics of the cell product. Increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and a decrease in the production of anti-inflammatory mediators and growth factors, accompanied by enhanced cellular infiltration, characterised as a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). SASP impact the potential of adipose-derived stem cells for proliferation, differentiation, signalling and even inducing apoptosis in recipient tissue after transplantation. The establishing characteristics of senescent cell cultures will provide new insights into the mechanisms of ageing and identify promising directions for its correction, including the clinical application of cell technologies. Special attention should be given to developing new approaches to assessing not only the quality and safety of cell products but also the functional state of niches in the recipient's body, which will represent a new strategy in personalized regenerative medicine. _________________________________________________________________________________________ Keywords: adipose-derived stem cells; multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells; cell differentiation; cell therapy; ageing