Numerical Assessment Of Tunnel Shape For Liquefaction- Induced Uplift

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the liquefaction and the settlement or the displacement occurring during an earthquake and causing the damage to the underground structure by uplift displacement. If the soil is saturated, then it’s the soil which mostly susceptible to liquefaction especially those fully saturated soil. Sandy soil is very susceptible soil to liquefaction since its particle size are quite bigger and has irregular shaped, which leads to the existence of air gaps in between the sand particles. Liquefaction usually tends to happen in low lying regions where there's actually water underneath so like a water table underneath the soil which help the water molecules to rise up in the sand and kind of like sit below the surface, but fill some of those air gaps. Now, what happens when an earthquake hits is that the ground is shaking, and these particles are squeezed together and compressed so that the water has to go somewhere. If you imagine these particles are being squeezed together, what happens is the water molecules move upwards and it saturates all of this sand and the water bubbles up to the surface and creates low liquid a liquid Sandy. It's essentially like quicksand.