A Review on the Potential Usage of Lionfishes (Pterois spp.) in Biomedical and Bioinspired Applications

Abstract

Lionfishes are recognized as invasive and predatory species in the world. The genus Pterois belongs to the Scorpaenidae family has 10 confirmed species. Among them, two species Pterois miles and P. volitans were reported as non-indigenous species in Turkish marine waters. Although dorsal, pelvic, and anal fins of lionfish have venom-releasing spines which can have systemic effects such as severe pain, fever, vomiting, and dizziness, there are no reports of death by lionfish in the literature anyway. After careful removal of the venomous spines, lionfish meat is suitable for human consumption. The bioactivity of homogenates obtained from the venomous spines of lionfish has been the subject of various research since the 1950s. Until now, it has been proven that the venomous spines of the lionfish contain anticancer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, antioxidant, and antibacterial compounds and can be used in biomedical applications as a natural resource of marine origin. Moreover, the spine shape of lionfish has provided inspiration that can be useful in designing reusable syringe needles and sterilizable plungers, thereby reducing biomedical waste and sharps disposal costs. Additionally, the fins and spines of lionfish, which are typically removed and discarded, are used to make jewellery. This review, therefore, focused on evaluating alternative management actions to bring these invasive fish into the economy and control their populations, owing to both their use in biomedical fields and their suitability for bioinspiration.