From 1900 to the present, people of African descent living in the United States have created a Black intellectual tradition engaged with ideas on race, racial oppression, and the world. This interdisciplinary volume explores the diverse thought behind the fight for racial justice as developed by four groups of African Americans: artists and intellectuals; performers and protest activists; institutions and organizations; and educators and religious leaders. By including both women’s and diasporic perspectives, the essays explore the full landscape of the Black intellectual tradition. Contributors engage with important ideas ranging from the consideration of gender within the tradition, to intellectual products generated outside the intelligentsia, to the ongoing relationship between thought and concrete effort in the quest for liberation.