Identification of a Conversion Factor for Dexmedetomidine to Clonidine Transitions

Abstract

OBJECTIVE To determine a conversion factor for use when switching from dexmedetomidine infusion to enteral clonidine in critically ill neonates. METHODS This was an observational, retrospective review of conversions from dexmedetomidine to ­clonidine, performed in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) between January 2020 and December 2021. Both initial conversion factors and those resulting after a 48-hour titration period were examined. Sedation and withdrawal scores were measured, and doses were titrated based on a standardized practice within the unit. RESULTS A total of 43 dexmedetomidine to clonidine conversions were included. The median (IQR) dexmedetomidine dose prior to conversion was 17.4 (11.3–24.0) mcg/kg/day (0.7 mcg/kg/hr) and the median (IQR) enteral clonidine dose post titration was 7.8 (4.7–9.3) mcg/kg/day (2 mcg/kg every 6 hours). This equated to a post-titration conversion factor of approximately 0.42. All neonates had also received opioid infusions while on dexmedetomidine and 60% were on concurrent opioids at the time of the clonidine conversion. CONCLUSIONS Neonatal clinicians may find the conversion factor identified in this study a useful starting point when converting from dexmedetomidine infusion to enteral clonidine in practice and should be ­reminded of the most important steps in conversions (monitoring and follow-up) owing to the variability in this patient group. More studies are needed to elucidate the impact of patient-specific factors on this ­conversion process.