The Importance of Determining the Level of Bone Metabolism Markers and Vitamin D in the First Year of Life in the Kazakh Population

Abstract

OBJECTIVE The research aimed to determine the importance of vitamin D and markers of bone metabolism in the overall assessment of bone mineralization during a child’s first year of life. METHODS The 198 children were selected by screening all infants seen at our pediatric clinic over a 2-year period from 2020–2022 and including those who met the eligibility criteria of being aged 0 to 1 year, healthy with no chronic conditions, and not on vitamin D supplementation. Children were divided into 3 groups depending on the content of vitamin D in the blood serum: sufficient, insufficient, and deficient. The markers of bone tissue status included: markers of mineral metabolism (calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, calcitonin), a marker of bone formation (osteocalcin), resorption marker (deoxypyridinoline). Laboratory values were obtained at the time of study enrollment during the initial study visit. Labs were not repeated during the course of the study. RESULTS A quarter of the infants exhibited vitamin D deficiency at enrollment with serum 25OHD concentrations below 20 ng/mL, which showed a positive correlation with serum calcium and phosphorus ­concentrations and a negative correlation with PTH, while osteocalcin and deoxypyridinoline concentrations remained consistent regardless of vitamin D status. CONCLUSIONS The study’s practical significance allows for the recommendation of using vitamin D ­concentrations as a marker to detect bone formation and mineral metabolism disorders in children during their first year of life. By identifying and addressing these issues early on, the health care system aims to ensure better musculoskeletal health for children.