Acute toxicity of jalawure (Tacca leontopetaloides (L.) Kuntze) and gadung tikus (Tacca palmata Blume) using zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos as a model

Abstract

Tacca is a genus of several species reported to have potential as a new therapeutic agent with toxic properties for several cells. Jalawure and gadung tikus are two species from the Tacca genus that can be found in Indonesia. The aim of this study was to determine the level of acute toxicity of jalawure and gadung tikus by using zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos as a model. The sample was extracted by maceration using ethanol 96%. The acute toxicity test was carried out by using fish embryo acute toxicity (FET) test protocol No. 236, Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD), 96 hr of static exposure using the negative control group (medium embryo), the test solution group (extract) and the positive control group (3,4-dichloroaniline 4 µg/ml). The result of acute toxicity of extract against zebrafish embryos demonstrated that LC50 of jalawure leaf extract 26.06 ± 0.31 µg/ml, jalawure stem extract 251.52 ± 6.15 µg/ml,  jalawure corm extract 463.24 ± 9.68 µg/ml, gadung tikus leaf extract 15.04 ± 0.15 µg/ml, gadung tikus stem extract 263.73 ± 6.58 µg/ml, and gadung tikus corm extract 17.71 ± 0.12 µg/ml. Embryo coagulation was the endpoint that was most commonly found in almost all extracts. Gadung tikus leaves extract, gadung tikus corm extract and jalawure leaves extract expressed moderate toxicity level.