Training model of basic football techniques for early age: systematic review

Abstract

Study Purpose. The purpose of this study was to describe the training model of basic football techniques for the early-age group. Materials and Methods. The primary method used in this study was a literature review. A literature review is a research design utilized to gather data sources related to a specific topic to depict the core content based on the retrieved information. As part of the data collection for the literature review, databases were employed to search for relevant literature. The data was aggregated using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) method. This research entailed analyzing journal articles and formulating a summary concerning the research questions and objectives. The journal search and review procedures were executed via the PICOT method. Each question addressed P = problem/population, with this study zeroing in on the pertinent problem. The research analyzed the model of basic soccer technique training segmented by age groups, as represented by the I/E = implementation/intervention/exposure component of PICOT. The subsequent component, C = control/comparative intervention, was not incorporated in this study. Finally, T = time was delimited by narrowing the review to journals published within the last decade. Journal articles evaluated in this study were sourced from both national and international publications via numerous scientific journal platforms. Results. The study determined that the training model for basic football techniques can be categorized by age group, which includes (1) 6–7 years old, (2) 7–8 years old, and (3) 10–11 years old. The training methodology encompasses (1) ball mastery and juggling, (2) dribbling and running with the ball, (3) passing and receiving, (4) heading, (5) throw-ins, and (6) small-sided games. Essential equipment for training includes (a) portable goalposts of varying sizes, (b) a kicking board or rebound goal, (c) a mobile free-kick wall, (d) cones of different dimensions, (e) basic physical exercise equipment, (f) balls of diverse sizes and colors, (g) areas designated for soccer tennis and soccer volleyball drills, (h) a video camera, and (i) a storage section for equipment. Conclusion. Mastering the fundamental techniques of football is paramount in cultivating children's soccer skills. Consequently, the instruction for basic football techniques is sequentially administered based on the unique attributes of each age group. The rudimentary football technique training model, stratified by age, includes (1) ball mastery and juggling, (2) dribbling and running with the ball, (3) passing and receiving, (4) heading, (5) throw-ins, and (6) small-sided games, each tailored according to the learners' requirements and progress. By grasping the traits affiliated with soccer, trainers and educators can proffer suitable training materials during sessions. Solo and small-group exercises, primarily in duos, are vital for refining ball control and facilitating paced learning. Training exercises are often executed in pairs to bolster communication, foster collaboration, and deepen the understanding of soccer tenets.