1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.
2. Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.
3. Department of Biostatistics and Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.
4. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee.
5. Philips Institute, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.
6. Dental Biomaterials Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.