1. Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
2. American Institutes for Research, Lusaka, Zambia.
3. School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
4. School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
5. School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
6. Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.