1. Department of Nursing, Chung-Jen Junior College of Health Sciences and Management, Chia-Yi County, Taiwan.
2. College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
3. Center for Long-Term Care Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
4. Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
5. Department of Education and Psychology, University of Dubuque, Dubuque, IA, USA.