1. Carolina Health Informatics Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
2. School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
3. Sheps G. Cecil Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
4. Division of General Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
5. Department of Psychology, Pace University, New York, New York, USA.
6. Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
7. Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
8. Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.