1. Department of Acute & Tertiary Care, University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
2. Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
3. Alternative Communication Therapies, L.L.C., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
4. Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
5. Center for Bioethics and Health Law, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.