1. Department of Environmental Parasitology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
2. Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
3. Division of infectious Diseases Epidemiology and Control, National Defense Medical Research Institute, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan.
4. Department of Vector Ecology and Environment, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
5. Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.