1. Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, USA.
2. Department of Medicine, Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, USA.
3. Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases & Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, USA.
4. Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya.
5. Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration (IDRC), Kampala, Uganda.
6. Divisions of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.
7. Department of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda.