1. Department of Medicine, Center for Biomedical Ethics and Society, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
2. University Center for Social and Urban Research (UCSUR), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
3. Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
4. OhioHealth, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
5. Department of Medicine, The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA.
6. Department of Surgery, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
7. Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.